Kriegsmarine Destroyers Part 4
Z Class Destroyers Z31 onwards
By: Daniel H. Jones
The second group of the Narvik (1936 A (Mob) type) class was a repeat of
the previous group. Now twin turrets were becoming available and only Z 31
was completed with the single gun mount forward. The second group consisted
of seven ships, Z 31, Z 32, Z 33, Z 34, Z 37, Z 38, and Z 39.
By late 1942 Z 31 also received the twin turret on the forecastle. She was
re-fitted in 1945 as a result of battle damage receiving additional 37mm and
20mm anti-aircraft mounts and was re~commissioned with a single 10.5cm anti-aircraft
gun replacing the 15cm twin mount. When the Z 31 was handed over to the French
Navy at the end of the war the 10cm mount was replaced with a single 15cm
so in her main armament she returned to her original configuration. Other
changes, as the French Marceau, included replacement of the four twin 37mm
anti-aircraft mounts with twin 40mm Bofors mounts and adding a large radar
aerial aft of the second fimnel replacing the searchlight platform. A pair
of the single 37mm guns were also replaced with single 40mm Bofors.
Z 32 was sunk in 1944 so she only carried 2 twin 37mm mounts, two single 200
and the Flak-Vierling quad 2Omm aft. Z 33 and Z 34 were identical as built
but both later received an additional quad 20mm "Vierling" mount in B position
and a total of four twin 20mm and four 20mm single mounts. A search radar
replaced the searchlight platform.
The last three boats, Z 37,38 and 39 were built by Germania Werft and were
similar to the rest of the class. These are the intended subjects of the Skywave
kit. All were completed with the twin 15cm twin turrets. All differed in their
secondary armament arrangements. Z 37 had a single 37mm gun in B position,
Z 38 had a quad 20mm, while Z 39 had two twin 37mm guns side by side as well
as an additional quad 20mm mounted on a higher platform aft. Z 39 also had
the single 15cm gun forward of the aft deckhouse left off and two twin 37mm
gun mounts were mounted in its place. As can be seen, the Skywave kit is somewhat
generic and regardless of which ship is chosen, will require some modification
to be accurate. The basic shapes of hull and upperworks are accurate apart
from the platform at the second funnel which must be cut back even for Z 37.
Another problem with the kit is the extreme vertical taper of bridge and deck
houses. Some taper is present in all models due to design need for releasing
the parts from the molds but in the case of the Narvik, the effect is noticeable
and needs to be worked on. The clunky triangular stairways under the bridge
wings should be cut away and replaced with photo etched items. The kit needs
a little work but is far superior to the Matchbox effort.
The third group of ships, (1936 B type) were originally intended to be similar
to the preceding group but by the time they were to be built experience had
shown the excess weight and stability problems of the design were becoming
acute. The obvious need to add more radar and anti-aircraft guns further reduced
seakeeping and stability. The rather drastic but simple solution was to revert
to the single 12.7cm (4.7 in.) mounts last used on the Z 17. Five were mounted
on the centerline making these new vessels very similar in silhouette to the
older Maass type. Eight were originally planned but three were canceled and
two were launched but not completed. Z 35,36 and 43 were completed by March
1944 and were regarded as quite successful. The reduced weight allowed greater
freedom of design. Opportunity was taken to strengthen the hull, increase
the weight of the machinery and to provide more fuel capacity. There was less
hull loading allowing more anti-aircraft guns to be added with no risks to
the ship's safety. Up to three quad 20 Vierling mounts and two twin 37 mounts
were carried. In terms of potential performance these were perhaps the best
German destroyer designs. Unfortunately for the Kriegsmarine they were too
few and too late.
The fourth group of ships were to be a repeat of the third group with a new
dual purpose 12.8mm twin mount. Three of these mounts were to be fitted in
an arrangement suggesting a design development analogous to the USN Fletcher/Gearing
progression. Only two hulls were laid down, (in 1943), and none were completed.
Although additional designs were projected these were little more than pipe
dreams. With existing units of the German surface fleet bottled up in their
harbors under intermittent air attack the possibility of new destroyer construction
became increasingly remote. The emphasis turned to the U-Boat as the only
hope of gaining control of the sea.
Z-31 1941-42
As completed before fitting of main turret |
Z-32, 33, 34, 37 1943
Z-31 Jan 1944 After fitting with twin turret |
Z-31 1945
With one of the most complete AA upgrades. 14 37mm, 8 20mm and twin turret replaced with a dual purpose 4.7" gun forward |
Z-38 1945
Remains relatively unchanged except for added spray deflector |
Z-43 1944
Note upper bridge twin quad 20mm mounts. Platform shapes and 4.7" guns are like those on the early Lebrecht Mass types |
This article originally appeared in Plastic Ship Modeler 1994/4
and is reprinted here with the permission of the author and editor.
Copyright © SMML 2003